FORMATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISE IN A RISK-ORIENTED ENVIRONMENT: TOOLS OF GREEN TRANSFORMATION (USING THE EXAMPLE OF GLOBAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS)

Abstract

The purpose of the study disclosure of the features of the formation of business activity of the enterprise in a risk-oriented environment based on green transformation tools (using the example of global manufacturers of electric vehicles). Research methodology. The study used a complex of general scientific and special research methods, namely the method of scientific abstraction of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and a systemic approach - to consider the enterprise as an open socio-economic system that functions under the influence of environmental, financial and regulatory risks. Results.The article highlights the growing relevance of global climate challenges, the tightening of environmental standards, and the transformation of international trade models, all of which contribute to the increasing role of the electric vehicle (EV) industry as one of the key drivers in shaping the global green economy. It is emphasized that electric vehicles are viewed not only as an innovative product of the automotive industry but also as a strategic instrument for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, and enhancing the energy efficiency of transport systems worldwide. In this context, leading EV manufacturers act as active agents in achieving sustainable development goals, influencing structural shifts in global value chains and international competition. The study identifies strategic clusters of automotive manufacturers that reflect different approaches to electrification and adaptation to the requirements of the global green economy. The first cluster consists of manufacturers oriented toward a fully electric development model and an accelerated energy transition. The second cluster includes premium-segment manufacturers characterized by a high share of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) combined with the active use of plug-in hybrids as a transitional technology. This approach enables companies to maintain technological flexibility, gradually reduce their carbon footprint, and retain customers who are not yet ready for a complete shift to electric mobility. The third cluster comprises manufacturers following a conservative hybrid development model, where full hybrids dominate the product portfolio. The fourth cluster includes mass-market manufacturers occupying an intermediate position between radical electrification and the preservation of traditional technologies. Practical significance of the research results. It is proposed to consider the electric vehicle industry not merely as a technological segment of the automotive sector, but as a system-forming element of the global green economy. This industry must be prepared for the strengthening of environmental standards and for the implementation of various models of integration into the global green economy - ranging from radical full electrification to conservative hybrid strategies and diverse strategic configurations.